Isostatic response of the Alula-Fartak and Owen transforms in the Eastern Gulf of Aden and the adjoining Arabian Sea     

M. Radhakrishna  R. C. Searle 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(1):62-72

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Wavelet analysis of the coherence between Bouguer gravity and topography: application to the elastic thickness anisotropy in the Canadian Shield   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pascal Audet  Jean-Claude Mareschal 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(1):287-298

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Pacific seamount volcanism in space and time     

J. K. Hillier 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(2):877-889

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Crustal structure of the Newfoundland rifted continental margin from constrained 3-D gravity inversion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Kim Welford  Jeremy Hall 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(2):890-908

The rifting history of the Atlantic continental margin of Newfoundland is very complex and so far has been investigated at the crustal scale primarily with the use of 2-D seismic surveys. While informative, the results generated from these surveys cannot easily be interpreted in a regional sense due to their sparse sampling of the margin. A 3-D gravity inversion of the free air data over the Newfoundland margin allows us to generate a 3-D density anomaly model that can be compared with the seismic results and used to gain insight into regions lacking seismic coverage. Results of the gravity inversion show good correspondence with Moho depths from seismic results. A shallowing of the Moho to 12 km depth is resolved on the shelf at the northern edge of the Grand Banks, in a region poorly sampled by other methods. Comparisons between sediment thickness and crustal thickness show deviations from local isostatic compensation in locations which correlate with faults and rifting trends. Such insights must act as constraints for future palaeoreconstructions of North Atlantic rifting.  相似文献   

地壳均衡理论及其在构造地貌研究中的应用     

舒远海  石许华  陈汉林  杨蓉  林秀斌  程晓敢  吴磊  龚俊峰  邓洪旦  白卓娜  王锦涵 《地质论评》2022,68(4):1171-1190

地壳均衡是地球科学的一个基本概念,其理论基础为“轻地壳（密度较小）漂浮在重地幔（较稠密）之上”。均衡理论（如冲压假说、弹性板理论等）和模型（如Airy模型、Pratt模型及弹性板模型等）的产生及发展对研究岩石圈流变学性质、圈层相互作用及造山作用等地球动力学过程有着重要意义。本文总结了相关均衡理论、模型及计算方法,并结合其在不同空间尺度构造地貌现象研究中的运用,包括：① 冰川均衡调整研究中不同模型的优化及其对全球海平面变化的指示意义、② 阐明海山洋岛发育过程及其制约因素、③ 利用弹性板模型重建山脉隆升和盆地挠曲沉降史并进一步探讨二者之间的相互作用、④ 通过研究变形湖滨线有效地约束地球的相关物理参数、⑤ 建立河流三角洲发育特征模型并服务于现代社会经济、⑥ 揭示水库蓄水导致的地壳挠曲变形与浅部地质灾害发育的关系及 ⑦ 同震滑坡对局部地貌改造的影响,讨论并展望了未来地壳均衡在构造地貌学领域的发展方向,即结合高精度大地测量技术与地质年代学方法,定量地解决构造地貌研究中的关键问题,更全面、系统地了解地表过程、地球深部过程与动力学和地球圈层之间的相互作用。  相似文献   

Spectral analysis of marine geoid heights and ocean depths: Constraints on models of lithospheric and sublithospheric processes     

Martin T. Black  David C. Mcadoo 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1988,10(3-4):157-180

Cross-spectral analysis has been used to study the relationship between geoid and bathymetry in 16°×16° blocks in the oceans. The admittances resulting from this analysis have been compared with thermomechanical models of the lithosphere and sublithosphere in order to determine modes of topographic compensation in different parts of the oceans. Peak admittances at short wavelengths (<800 km) indicate that loads are supported by the mechanical strength of the lithosphere, while peak admittances at long wavelengths (>800 km) are indicative of lithospheric cooling or dynamic sublithospheric processes. Models of upper mantle convection predict higher admittances at long wavelengths than do models of lithospheric cooling. In most areas the observed admittances can be explained by models of the thermomechanical properties of the lithosphere, but in the eastern Pacific Ocean, the northern Indian Ocean, and over the Cape Verde Rise high long-wavelength admittances are evidence for the existence of upper mantle convection.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of the paleohydrology of glacial Lake Oshkosh, eastern Wisconsin, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James A. Clark  Kevin M. Befus  Peter W. Stewart  Chris T. Gregory 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(1):117-129

Proglacial lakes, formed during retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet, evolved quickly as outlets became ice-free and the earth deformed through glacial isostatic adjustment. With high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and GIS methods, it is possible to reconstruct the evolution of surface hydrology. When a DEM deforms through time as predicted by our model of viscoelastic earth relaxation, the entire surface hydrologic system with its lakes, outlets, shorelines and rivers also evolves without requiring assumptions of outlet position. The method is applied to proglacial Lake Oshkosh in Wisconsin (13,600 to 12,900 cal yr BP). Comparison of predicted to observed shoreline tilt indicates the ice sheet was about 400 m thick over the Great Lakes region. During ice sheet recession, each of the five outlets are predicted to uplift more than 100 m and then subside approximately 30 m. At its maximum extent, Lake Oshkosh covered 6600 km² with a volume of 111 km³. Using the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System model, flow velocities during glacial outburst floods up to 9 m/s and peak discharge of 140,000 m³/s are predicted, which could drain 33.5 km³ of lake water in 10 days and transport boulders up to 3 m in diameter.  相似文献   

Erosional unloading,hillslope geometry,and the height of the Cascade Range,Washington State,USA     

Sara Mitchell  David Montgomery  Harvey Greenberg 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(8):1108-1120

Peaks in the Cascade Range in northern Washington State are on average ～800 m higher than in southern Washington. The influences of differential valley excavation and variations in hillslope length and average slope on these altitudinal trends were tested using a 3‐dimensional model for isostatic rock uplift and calculations of hillslope length and slope respectively. The magnitude of isostatic peak uplift calculated by the model is highly dependent on the flexural rigidity (D) and the related effective elastic thickness (T_e) of the crust of this region. Crustal rigidity was constrained using published estimates and by estimating the depth of the seismogenic zone in the area (D > 1 × 10²³ Nm and T_e > 24 km). With these constraints, isostatic compensation due to differential erosion added < 700 m and 300 m, or < 25% overall, of height to peaks in the northern and southern Cascades, respectively. Deeper valley incision in the northern Cascades accounts for < 300 m of the 800 m difference in peak altitudes between north and south. Similarly, variation in valley spacing and slope account for < 350 m of the difference in mean altitude between northern and southern regions. Hence, at least several hundred m difference in altitude between the northern and southern regions of the Cascades in Washington must be due to tectonic, geologic, or geophysical factors rather than surficial and geomorphic effects like isostatic response to valley incision and hillslope geometry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原第四纪大陆冰盖对高原隆升的影响     

郑英龙  韩同林 《现代地质》1992,6(2):201-208

本文依据在青藏高原存在第四纪大陆冰盖的基础上,给定了3个不同厚度的冰盖,应用弹性板模式模拟计算了大陆冰盖消融前后的地壳均衡过程。计算结果表明,由大陆冰盖消融可能引起的高原隆升最大不超过700m。因此,就整个高原的隆升幅度来说可忽略其影响。但由于冰川消融前后高原负荷发生了变化,导致了隆升速度的相应变化,因而引起地表侵蚀强弱程度的不同及其它一些地质现象是不能忽视的。  相似文献   

Constraints on the structure of the Azores spreading center from gravity data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Luis  J.F.  Miranda  J.M.  Galdeano  A.  Patriat  P. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(3):157-170

The Azores Archipelago is believed to be the site of the third arm of a Triple Junction between the Eurasia/Africa/North America plates. However, to the present no study has been able to identify its segmentation pattern, the spreading mechanism and its relationship with the well-known topographic features of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Here we present a new gravity compilation obtained with the existing National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) data, merged with new gravity profiles collected during the ESCAPE cruise in 1995. This compilation is used to calculate a Free Air Anomaly (FAA) map, which is used to test two different models, the Mantle Bouguer Anomaly model and the elastic plate model, for the study of the thermal regime of the Terceira Axis. The analysis of the results from both models demonstrates that the elastic plate model successfully models the gravity data from the Azores Plateau and that there is no gravity evidence for the existence of a spreading axis. The elastic plate thickness T_e, with a value of 7–8 km, suggests a very young lithosphere (about 10 Ma) at the time of the load of the Azores Plateau.  相似文献